Communalism : example

About 45 km from the national capital, 50-year-old Mohammad Akhlaq was beaten to death by a mob instigated by a rumour and an announcement at a local temple about a Muslim family storing and consuming beef

http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/murder-in-bisara/

Caste and Politics: Nepal's case

Though a small country, Nepal has more than a hundred ethnic groups. However, it has always been ruled by the Bahun-Chettri (Brahmin-Kshatriya) hill elite which, together with other hill upper castes, accounts for less than 30 per cent of the population. The leadership of the three major political parties, as well as that of the smaller pro-monarchy groups, belongs to this group. On the other hand, the Janajatis (hill tribes), Tharus (plains tribes), Dalits and Madhesis have traditionally been the oppressed groups.

Example of communal clashes in India

1. Godhra 2002
2. Kandahamal, Odisa, 2008
3. Mumbai, 1993

Salwa Judum: a factor for increase in Maoist activities

After the SC's directive to the CG government to abolish the notorious and ill-conceived Salwa Judum there has been marked reduction in the numbers of tribals joining the Maoist Cadres.

The tribals were forced to join the Maoists because of excesses perpetrated by the Salwa Judum cadets.

The Police have started giving job opportunities to surrendered Maoist cadres in the Police Force itself. This is a good move to encourage the deviated youth to come back to the main stream.

Example of caste based discrimination

Eleven children, all cousins belonging to a Scheduled Caste family, were removed from a government primary school in a village in Bikaner after two of them drank water from an earthen pot meant for an upper caste teacher.

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/dalit-students-drink-teachers-water-dismissed/article6430978.ece

Religion and its pathologies

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/rajasthan-girl-buried-alive-site-turns-shrine/article6424785.ece

Rajasthan girl “buried alive,” site turns shrine

Animism, Mana, Naturism... what is this??

Distress induced migration

Migrant destinations are the underbelly of our economic growth and hold a mirror to any notion that this migration is ‘aspirational’ in nature.

The migrants of western Odisha are forced to leave their homes because of endemic poverty and lack of opportunities. Around the time of harvest of the paddy crop every year comes the festival of nuakhai , meaning eating new rice, around the beginning of September. At this time, poor families take an advance from labour contractors and then migrate to pay it through their labour.

Signs of change:

The village of Kathdungri in Muribahal block, Bolangir district, has 153 households of which, in 2011, 43 were distress migrants. Civil society and administration, working together, ensured MGNREGA works were planned and opened and wages were paid on time.

No one migrates from Kathdungri now. Water harvesting structures have recharged wells and enabled farmers to cultivate their hitherto uncultivable land, thus increasing their incomes. A mahabandha (large earthen dam) constructed in village Bhutungpada of Belpada block in 2012-13 was able to provide employment for more than half the year. Migration from the village has stopped. The dam will provide irrigation to 100 acres in the coming season.

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/bringing-migrants-back-home/article6414085.ece